It ran from Strelley to Wollaton near Nottingham. The Wollaton Wagonway, completed in 1604 by Huntingdon Beaumont, has sometimes erroneously been cited as the earliest British railway. This carried coal for James Clifford from his mines down to the river Severn to be loaded onto barges and carried to riverside towns. A funicular railway was made at Broseley in Shropshire some time before 1604. Owned by Philip Layton, the line carried coal from a pit near Prescot Hall to a terminus about half a mile away. A wagonway was built at Prescot, near Liverpool, sometime around 1600, possibly as early as 1594. Ī wagonway was introduced to England by German miners at Caldbeck, Cumbria, possibly in the 1560s. There are many references to wagonways in central Europe in the 16th century. The miners called the wagons Hunde ("dogs") from the noise they made on the tracks. This line used "Hund" carts with unflanged wheels running on wooden planks and a vertical pin on the truck fitting into the gap between the planks to keep it going the right way. They soon became popular in Europe and an example of their operation was illustrated by Georgius Agricola (see image) in his 1556 work De re metallica. Wagonways (or tramways), with wooden rails and horse-drawn traffic, are known to have been used in the 1550s to facilitate transportation of ore tubs to and from mines. The guide pin fits in a groove between two wooden planks. Minecart shown in De Re Metallica (1556). The railway is theorized to have been used for transportation of goods to front line troops and to fix the Great Wall. Qin railway sleepers were designed to allow horses to gallop through to the next rail station where they would be swapped for a fresh horse. The rails are made from hard wood and treated against corrosion while the sleepers or railway ties are made from wood that was not treated and therefore has rotted. It was carbon dated to be about 2200 years old from the Qin dynasty. In China, a railway has been discovered in south west Henan province near Nanyang city. Paved trackways were also later built in Roman Egypt. The Diolkos was in use for over 650 years, until at least the 1st century AD. Wheeled vehicles pulled by men and animals ran in grooves in limestone, which provided the track element, preventing the wagons from leaving the intended route. Įvidence indicates that there was a 6 to 8.5 km long Diolkos paved trackway, which transported boats across the Isthmus of Corinth in Greece from around 600 BC. Various sections have been designated as scheduled monuments. The Post Track, a prehistoric causeway in the valley of the River Brue in the Somerset Levels, England, is one of the oldest known constructed trackways and dates from around 3838 BC, making it some 30 years older than the Sweet Track from the same area. 8.1.2.4 Social and economic consequences.
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